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History of science

Results (91 - 103) of 103
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Photo APPERT, Nicolas. 

APPERT, Nicolas. 

L'Art de conserver, pendant plusieurs années, toutes les substances animales et végétales. 

Paris, Patris et Cie, 1810.
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800 €

First edition.
Book which discloses to the public the "Appertization" process, consisting of enclosing food in a glass bottle, then placing this bottle in a vase filled with boiling water for eight to ten minutes, heating in a closed container destroying the fermentation germs. Until then, only salting, sugaring and drying were known as methods of preserving meat and fish. Although the book was a great success and was republished many times, giving rise to the creation of the conservation industry, Nicolas Appert did not benefit from it and died poor in 1841.
Copy signed by the author.

Photo CAUCHY, Augustin Louis || ACADÉMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES. 

CAUCHY, Augustin Louis || ACADÉMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES. 

Mémoires sur la théorie des nombres . IN. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Tome XVII. 

Paris, Firmin Didot, 1840.
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950 €

Mémoire sur la Théorie des Nombres, Présenté a l'Académie des Sciences, le 31 Mai 1830, par M. Augustin Cauchy.
First edition of this important memoir (pp/ 249 to 768 of this volume of memoirs of the academy of sciences).

The writing of this memoir is quite abrupt, with a succession of formulas difficult to relate to each other, and it will be criticized by Biot in particular.
However, Jenny Boucard, after an in-depth study of Cauchy's work, concluded that Cauchy exposes a coherent method around the quadratic forms 4p^μ=x²+ny² which he applies in different cases, depending on whether n is prime or compound. (Boucard, p.365).

This volume of the Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences contains :

PONCELET : Théorie des effets mécaniques de la turbine Fourneyron.
TURPIN :
- Mémoire sur les différences qu'offrent les tissus cellulaires de la pomme et de la poire ...
- Mémoire sur la cause et les effets de la fermentation alcoolique et acéteuse.
- Recherches microscopiques sur divers laits ...
BECQUEREL : Nouvelles recherches sur le dégagement de la chaleur dans le frottement
CAUCHY. Mémoires sur la théorie des nombres.
BIOT. Mémoire sur l'existence d'une condition physique qui assigne à l'atmosphère terrestre une limite supérieure d'élévation qu'elle ne peut dépasser.
CHEVREUL. Recherches physico chimiques sur la teinture
And the Flourens' historical praise of Jussieu and Arago's praise of James Watt.

Photo [ALBUM 14-18]. 

[ALBUM 14-18]. 

Souvenirs des chars de l'Artillerie Spéciale. 

s.l., s.n., [v.1918].
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950 €

Album created by Jacques Duboin, volunteered during the First World War, in 1917 he was appointed chief of maintenance service for the Special Artillery (then in the 81st Heavy Artillery Regiment, then in the general staff of the 500th 'Special Artillery). He is therefore a privileged witness to the deployment of the first French tanks which were part of these regiments.
Of the 75 photos in the album, we note in particular:
- 26 photos of tank maneuvers where we can recognize the Saint-Chamond and Schneider CA1 models as well as the wreckage of a Renault tank which exploded on a minefield.
- Various photos of medal ceremonies and review of the troops.
- 3 photos of the Hungarian prison camps in Ligny en Barrois.
- 4 cyanotypes of a diorama representing tanks.

Snapshots probably taken near the end of the conflict.

Photo MAUPERTUIS, Pierre Louis Moreau de. 

MAUPERTUIS, Pierre Louis Moreau de. 

La Figure de la Terre, déterminée par les observations de messieurs De Maupertuis, Clairaut, Camus, Le Monnier, de l'Académie royale des sciences et de M. L'Abbé Outhier, correspondant de la même académie, accompagnés de M. Celsius, professeur d'astronomie à Upsal, faites par ordre du Roy au cercle polaire. 

Paris, Imprimerie royale, 1738.
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1500 €

First edition.
Results of Maupertuis' expedition to Lapland to measure the Earth's median and experimentally confirm Newton's hypothesis that the Earth is flattened at the poles.

Photo PASCAL, Blaise. 

PASCAL, Blaise. 

Oeuvres de Blaise Pascal. 

La Haye [Paris], Detune, 1779.
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1500 €

First and only old collective edition,
Published by Bossut, this edition is illustrated with a portrait and 14 plates.
Among the unpublished there are many "pensée", writings on Grace, the Treaty of vacuum and and extensive correspondence.
Volumes IV and V contain the scientific works.
We found the second printing of the describing of invention of the computing machine of Descartes (TIV, pages 7-30). The first edition, certainly printed by the author, is unobtainable (only two copies known).
Also of interest here is the reprint of Pascal's 1654 paper introducing his triangle of binominal coefficients (Pascal's Triangle), included in Volume V, pages 1-54. Pascal's invention "predated the concepts of computation of the values of polynomial functions by differences.".

Photo MONTUCLA, Jean Etienne. 

MONTUCLA, Jean Etienne. 

Histoire des Mathématiques, dans laquelle on rend compte de leur progrès depuis leur origine jusqu'à nos jours; où l'on expose le tableau et le développement des principales découvertes dans toutes les parties des Mathématiques, les contestations qui se sont élevées entre les Mathématiciens, et les principaux traits de la vie des plus célèbres. 

Paris, Henri Agasse, 1799-1802.
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1500 €

Most complete edition in 4 volumes.
The first edition was published in 2 volumes, Montucla was to complete it with a third but died before its publication. It is Jérôme De La Lande who will finally publish the last two volumes according to Montucla's notes.
A reference on the history of mathematics.

Photo DARWIN, Charles. 

DARWIN, Charles. 

De l'Origine des espèces ou des lois du progrès chez les êtres organisés. 

Paris, Guillaumin et Cie, 1862.
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1750 €

First edition in French.
This first French translation, of one of the most important books in modern science, was controversial as soon as it was published. Indeed, translator Clémence Royer (1830-1902, philosopher and scientist) added a preface and numerous footnotes in which she gave her interpretation of the text and commented on it.

Photo LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste de. 

LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste de. 

Système des animaux sans vertèbres ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. 

Paris, Chez l'Autheur, 1801.
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2000 €

First edition.
One of the very first formulations of the concept of evolution of species (transformism), before Darwin's, and presenting as the cause of evolution (Lamarckism) the heredity of acquired characteristics.

It will take more than 50 years for Darwin's work on environmental selection pressure to contradict Lamarck's Speech.

However, we owe Lamarck the introduction in this book of the distinction between Vertebrate and Invertebrate animals, a distinction that we still use in current taxonomy.

Photo PASCAL, Blaise. 

PASCAL, Blaise. 

Oeuvres de Blaise Pascal. 

La Haye [Paris], Detune, 1779.
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2500 €

The first and sole ancient collective edition, partially original.

Published by Bossut, this edition is illustrated with a portrait and 14 plates.
Among the unpublished there are many "pensée", writings on Grace, the Treaty of vacuum and and extensive correspondence.
Volumes IV and V contain the scientific works.
We found the second printing of the describing of invention of the computing machine of Descartes (TIV, pages 7-30). The first edition, certainly printed by the author, is unobtainable (only two copies known).
Also of interest here is the reprint of Pascal's 1654 paper introducing his triangle of binominal coefficients (Pascal's Triangle), included in Volume V, pages 1-54. Pascal's invention "predated the concepts of computation of the values of polynomial functions by differences.".

Photo DESCARTES, René. 

DESCARTES, René. 

Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison et chercher la vérité dans les sciences.
Plus la Dioptrique et les Météores qui sont des essais de cette méthode. 

Paris, Michel Bobin & Nicolas Le Gras, 1668.
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The true third edition with the privilège dated 28 avril 1668.

Photo DESCARTES, René. 

DESCARTES, René. 

Specimina Philosophiae: Seu Dissertatio de Methodo Recte regendæ rationis, & veritatis in scientiis investigandæ: Dioptice, et Meteora. 

Amsterdam, Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1644.
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3000 €

First latin edition of the Discours de la Méthode.

Milestone in the history of science which marked an epistemological rupture.
The Latin translation of the Discourse on the Method was first undertaken by Etienne de Courcelles but Descartes revised it, modified it and introduced variants compared to the French text of 1637. We find there for the first time the phrase (page 31) : "cogito, ergo sum".
The scientific texts following the Discourse are illustrated with numerous woods in the text.

Photo LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste de. 

LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste de. 

Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. 

Paris, Deterville, 1801.
More Details >
4000 €

First edition.
One of the very first formulations of the concept of evolution of species (transformism), before Darwin's, and presenting as the cause of evolution (Lamarckism) the heredity of acquired characteristics.

It will take more than 50 years for Darwin's work on environmental selection pressure to contradict Lamarck's Speech.

However, we owe Lamarck the introduction in this book of the distinction between Vertebrate and Invertebrate animals, a distinction that we still use in current taxonomy.

Photo GALOIS, Évariste. 

GALOIS, Évariste. 

Oeuvres mathématiques d'Évariste Galois. In Journal de Mathématiques pures et appliquées ou Recueil mensuel de mémoires sur les diverses parties des mathématiques, Année 1846, Tome XI. 

Paris, Bachelier, 1846.
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6500 €

First edition of collected mathematical works of Evariste Galois given by Liouville in this volume of the Journal de Mathématiques pures et appliquées .

A brilliant mathematician, misunderstood in his day and with a tragic fate (he died at the age of 20 in a gallant duel), Galois created the notion of group, and his work has inspired generations of mathematicians.
A brilliant student, he was misunderstood by his contemporaries. Poisson rejected the work he wanted to present to the Paris Academy of Sciences.
In 1832, on the eve of his fatal duel, Galois wrote his mathematical will, which he entrusted to a friend.
It was not until 1846 that Liouville published them in this volume of the Journal des mathématiques, and not until 1870 that Jordan recognized their importance.

"When, yielding to the wish of Evariste's friends, I gave myself up, as it were under the eyes of his brother, to the attentive study of all the printed or manuscript pieces he left behind, I therefore thought I had to propose as my sole aim to seek out, to unravel, to then bring out as best I could, what was new in these productions.

My zeal was soon rewarded, and I was delighted when, after filling in a few small gaps, I recognized the complete accuracy of the method by which Galois proves, in particular, this beautiful theorem: For an irreducible equation of prime degree to be solvable by radicals, it is necessary and sufficient that all the roots be rational functions of any two of them.
This method, truly worthy of the attention of geometers, would alone suffice to secure our compatriot a place among the small number of scientists who have earned the title of inventor." (Liouville p.382).

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