First french edition. In his work L'Éther et la Théorie de la Relativité (Ether and the Theory of Relativity), Albert Einstein (1879-1955) addresses the concept of the ether, which dominated 19th-century physics, and explains how his theory of relativity replaced this notion. This book, based on a lecture delivered at Leiden University in 1920, is a key text for understanding the transition from classical to modern physics. The French translation by Maurice Solovine (1875-1958) enabled French-speaking scientists to grasp the implications of relativity.