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All our Medicine and Pharmacy rarebooks

Do you know the quote from Georges Canguilhem "Medicine is an art at the crossroads of several Sciences"?
This is the history taught by our rare books on medicine, surgery and pharmacy: first empirical then experimental, the art of healing has been nourished by scientific progress over the centuries.
Discover how the sick were cared for under the elder ages.

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Photo DUCHENNE, Guillaume-Benjamin. 

Rare copy of the deluxe edition of the second edition with the atlas.
It's the first medical book illustrated with photographs of living subjects.
The celebrated work by Duchenne de Boulogne on facial expressions induced by electrification.
Duchenne de Boulogne’s research was intended both for anatomists and scientists (Darwin would later use Duchenne’s findings in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals) and for artists, who, as he said, “have not always been able to find the fundamental lines” of an expressive face.
Using his electrodes and induction coil, Duchenne assigned the precise role of each facial muscle in animating the human face.
He thus aimed to “make known, through electro-physiological analysis and with the help of photography, the art of accurately painting the expressive lines of the human face—a kind of orthography of physiognomy in motion” (from the preface).

A copy from the deluxe edition, issued by the publisher, accompanied by its atlas; the regular edition contained only the frontispiece and the nine plates in the text volume.
Our copy is complete with its atlas of 82 additional plates (the last eleven "aesthetic" plates are often missing).

The atlas reproduces the original photographs, whose portraits had been extracted to create the nine synoptic plates, now printed in large format on albumen paper and mounted.
The electrically induced emotions of the six models literally leap off the page.

The first series of experimental photographs (plates 3–73), featuring an old cobbler with a wrinkled face, was deemed too coarse when Duchenne first presented it. He was persuaded to create a second series (plates 74–84) showing young women in various poses—ecstatic to imitate Saint Teresa or cruel to mimic Lady Macbeth.
“Striving to satisfy those with a sense of beauty, and wishing to please while instructing, I have undertaken some new electrophysiological studies in which, as far as possible, I hope to meet the principal requirements of aesthetics: beauty of form, combined with the truth of facial expression, attitude, and gesture.” (p. 133)
He called this part of his work the aesthetic section.
Perhaps unconvinced of its scientific value, he did not always distribute these 11 “aesthetic” photographs with the atlas; for example, the copies sent to Darwin and Charcot stop at plate 73.
The publisher himself only anounced on the title page 74 plates. Copies with plates 74 to 84 are rare.

Duchenne stands at the crossroads of three recent scientific revolutions (electrical induction, physiology, and photography), yet here he has composed one of the true photographic masterpieces of the 19th century.

Photo [MANUSCRIT]. 

Handwritten botany course focusing on "common plants", plants that can be used in medicine.
This course lists 486 plants, each with its Latin binomial name and its therapeutic use.
The plants seem to follow an order whose logic is not explained in the short introduction: "The large number of plants that I will have the honor of discussing with you during the short time that this course will last does not allow me to stop here for a long preface where I could explain to you in general how these same plants act, whether they are considered purgatives or simply as alteratives, [...] I propose to follow the order that we will follow in the demonstrations so that at the same time as you learn to know these same plants, you enter into the knowledge of their virtues."
The Latin names refer to the catalogues of Bauhin (C.B.) and Tournefort (inst. r. h.) which suggests that this course was dictated before the penetration of Linnaeus' classification in France, i.e. before the 1760s.
The structure of this course differs from the known courses on "Usual Plants", as dictated by Chomel and Jussieu.

We find, bound below, a manuscript by the same hand:
"Observations on bone diseases explained and demonstrated by Mr Arnaud In the amphitheater of the Jardin du Roy on June 13, 1714" 42 pages.

This suggests that both courses were taken at the Jardin du Roi or Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants (the future Museum of Natural History from 1793), which at the beginning of the 18th century was a major center for teaching medicine and surgery. It is known that at that time both Antoine Jussieu and Sébastien Vaillant were teaching botany there.

Photo [MANUSCRIT] MAHOT, Maurice. 

Original manuscript of an unpublished botanical treatise by a learned scholar from Nantes.
It presents botanical concepts as well as the classifications of Linnaeus and Tournefort. This manuscript, nearly 200 pages long, is written on the verso of the plates from Buc'hoz’s Flore Lorraine.
All plates are also annotated with details on plant names, their classification according to Linnaeus and Tournefort, and their medicinal uses—together forming a true pharmacopoeia.
These 187 plates were intended to illustrate Buc'hoz’s Traité historique des plantes qui croissent dans la Lorraine et les Trois-Évêchés, published in ten octavo volumes between 1762 and 1770. The plates, originally issued separately in installments and designed to be folded and bound in octavo, are gathered here in a single folio volume.
Buc'hoz, known for the beauty of his plates, had solicited financial support from fellow countrymen and botany enthusiasts for the production of these engravings. Thus, at the bottom of almost every plate, one finds the coat of arms and name of the sponsor who funded it.
Maurice Mahot, the author of this manuscript, sponsored plate 152.
While biographical information on Maurice Mahot “the elder” (1745–1810), a royal counselor, civil and criminal judge at the présidial, alderman (1777), and deputy mayor of Nantes (1779), offers little indication of an interest in natural sciences and botany, the same cannot be said of his son, Maurice Mahot “the younger” (1774–1842), a doctor of medicine and scholar who published several books on medicine and lexicography.
The annotations by the son—a physician—on the plates funded by the father—a botany enthusiast—explain the numerous pharmaceutical and medical recipes found in the work.
Another collector has left his name on the title page: Silas Boucher de la Ville Jossy, a member of a prominent Nantes family in the mid-19th century.
A fascinating manuscript, still largely unexplored, of exceptional character, both for the beauty of its annotated plates and for its content, which intertwines botanical classification and pharmacopoeia.

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