Second edition. Émile Borel (1871-1956) is one of the pioneers of the theory of real variable functions and measure theory. These Leçons sur les Fonctions de Variables Réelles et les Développements en Séries de Polynômes (Lessons on Functions of Real Variables and Expansions in Polynomial Series), based on his lectures at the École Normale Supérieure and edited by Maurice Fréchet, are enriched by notes from Paul Painlevé and Henri Lebesgue, eminent figures in mathematical analysis.